Coenzyme Q10, or CoQ10, has quickly become a well known supplement in the fertility field, often recommended to both women and men who are trying to conceive. But what makes CoQ10 so valuable when it comes to reproductive health? Let’s take a closer look at how this supplement works and why it may be worth considering as part of your fertility support plan.
What Is CoQ10?
CoQ10 is a naturally occurring antioxidant and coenzyme (molecules that assist enzymes) found in every cell of the body, especially in organs that require a lot of energy such as the heart, liver, and the muscles. CoQ10 is mainly concentrated in the mitochondria—the “powerhouse” of the cell—where it helps make energy in the form of ATP. This is the energy source all cells rely on for proper function, repair, and development.
As an antioxidant, CoQ10 helps protect cells from oxidative stress—damage caused by free radicals that can interfere with healthy cellular activity and DNA integrity. CoQ10 also helps regenerate other antioxidants like vitamin E and vitamin C. Beyond helping to prevent cancer and heart disease, these antioxidants are important when it comes to protecting the DNA in egg and sperm cells as well as their development (meiosis).
How CoQ10 Supports Female Fertility
As women get older, their ovarian function naturally declines. Both the quantity and quality of their eggs are reduced significantly, leading to decreased fertility. At the same time, their mitochondrial function in their cells also decreases. The decline in mitochondrial function coincides with decreasing CoQ10 levels, suggesting that CoQ10 may be linked to ovarian aging and egg quality. This is further supported as egg cells require a large amount of energy to mature and support early embryo development. In fact, eggs contain more mitochondria than any other cell type in the body, emphasizing just how important mitochondria and CoQ10 are to fertility.
By supporting mitochondrial energy production, CoQ10 is essential in providing the proper energy needed for egg maturation. As an antioxidant, it helps protect the egg’s cell structure and DNA from damage.
Research suggests that CoQ10 may support:
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Egg quality, by helping ensure the egg’s genetic material’s integrity
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Ovarian response to stimulation, particularly in women with diminished ovarian reserve or those undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).
How CoQ10 Supports Male Fertility
Like egg cells, sperm also rely heavily on the mitochondria for development and function. Sperm cells have a high concentration of mitochondria within their tail alone, specifically in the midpiece region. These mitochondria are crucial for generating the energy needed for the sperm's motility and mobility; without sufficient energy, sperm cannot reach and fertilize the egg. In addition, sperm cells are vulnerable to oxidative stress, which can damage their DNA and overall fertility potential.
Studies have shown that CoQ10 supplementation in men may help:
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Improve sperm motility, which is the ability of sperm cells to move and swim effectively. Decreased sperm motility is a main factor to male infertility.
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Increase sperm concentration and enhance morphology
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Protect sperm DNA, lowering the risk of fragmentation and improving overall sperm quality
Why Supplementation Matters
Although the body produces CoQ10 naturally, these levels tend to decrease with age. This leads to less energy production and more exposure to cell damage, both of which are detrimental to reproductive health. That’s why many fertility specialists recommend CoQ10 supplementation, especially for individuals facing fertility challenges.
CoQ10 is fat-soluble, so for best absorption, it ideal to take it with a meal that contains some healthy fat. In order to support the full egg and sperm development cycle, many experts recommend that CoQ10 be taken consistently for at least 2–3 months.
Whether you're navigating fertility treatments or simply looking to support your reproductive health naturally, CoQ10 offers an accessible, well-studied, and science-backed option for both women and men to boost fertility. As always, consult with your healthcare provider or fertility specialist before starting any supplement to determine the right dosage and form for your specific needs.
